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    "slug": "cocuklarda-ozguven-gelisimi",
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        "rendered": "\u00c7ocuklarda \u00d6zg\u00fcven Geli\u015fimi"
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        "rendered": "<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong><strong>\u00c7ocuklarda \u00d6zg\u00fcven Geli\u015fimi<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumdan itibaren anne baba ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki, daha sonra di\u011fer bireylere, nesnelere ve t\u00fcm ya\u015fama kar\u015f\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131n, benimsedi\u011fi tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. \u00d6zellikle okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki en etkili sosyalle\u015ftirme kurumunun da aile oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak anne babay\u0131 taklit ederek ya da model alarak \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek; anne baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun duygusal, bili\u015fsel ve sosyal geli\u015fimindeki ya da ki\u015filik geli\u015fimindeki \u00f6nemi tekrar g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczde canlan\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle anne baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00f6zg\u00fcven ya da temel g\u00fcven duygusunun geli\u015fiminde etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>G\u00fcven-G\u00fcvensizlik ilk ne zaman olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Geli\u015fimsel olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bebe\u011fin 0-12 ay sonuna kadar olan d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde g\u00fcven ya da g\u00fcvensizlik diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir evreden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bilinir. Bu d\u00f6nemde e\u011fitim bi\u00e7imi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yeti\u015ftirilme \u015fekli ve onunla kurulan duygusal ileti\u015fim \u00e7ocukta g\u00fcven ya da g\u00fcvensizlik duygular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>1-3 Ya\u015f Aras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1-3 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde duygusal ve ki\u015filik geli\u015fimi belirgin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6zerklik evresi olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu d\u00f6nem, \u00e7ocu\u011fun anne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015f\u0131p ayaklar \u00fczerinde durabildi\u011fi ve her \u015feyi ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde e\u011fer \u00e7ocuk s\u00fcrekli cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ya da k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k ifadeleri alt\u0131nda kal\u0131rsa ya da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 koruyucu bir ebeveyn taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131na ya da ke\u015ffetmesine izin verilmezse eziklik hisseder ve utan\u00e7 ya\u015far. Anne baba bu y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendi kendine kontrol etme iste\u011fini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkilerse, izin verirse ve destekleyici olursa, \u00e7ocuk \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7inde g\u00fcven duygusu kazanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>3-5 Ya\u015f Aras\u0131: &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be\u015f ya\u015f sonuna kadar \u00e7ocuk etraf\u0131ndaki her \u015feyi bilmek ve incelemek ister. Merak etti\u011fi konulardan biri de cinselliktir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun bu ama\u00e7la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015fimlerin desteklenmesi, gerekli bilgilerin ya\u015f\u0131na uygun olarak anlat\u0131larak beslenmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Di\u011fer ko\u015fulda \u00e7ocuk su\u00e7luluk duygusunu hissederek kayg\u0131 duymaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>6-11 Ya\u015f Aras\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daha sonraki 6-11 ya\u015f evresinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun okula ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, anneden yo\u011fun olarak ayr\u0131larak yaln\u0131z kalmay\u0131 becermesinin gerekti\u011fi ayr\u0131ca bili\u015fsel becerilerinin hayat\u0131ndaki yeni \u00f6nemli yeti\u015fkin yani \u00f6\u011fretmeni taraf\u0131ndan da de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde sosyal ba\u015far\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. Akranlar taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmek, akademik ve sosyal alanda iyi performans g\u00f6stermek \u00f6zg\u00fcveni art\u0131ran etkenlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anne Babalar\u0131n \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00d6zg\u00fcvenini Geli\u015ftirmek \u0130\u00e7in Yapabilecekleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar yakalamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona f\u0131rsat verin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kendi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 vermesi i\u00e7in cesaretlendirin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fikirlerine sayg\u0131 duyun.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyin ve cesaretlendirin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risk almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hata yapmalar\u0131na ve hatalar\u0131ndan ders almalar\u0131na izin verin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7ocu\u011funuz ile davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 ay\u0131t edin. Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyin, kendinin de\u011fil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7ocu\u011funuzu di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n kendilerine ait ge\u00e7mi\u015f ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 performanslar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmal\u0131. \u201dHer ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha iyisin.\u201d ya da \u201cHer g\u00fcn bir \u00f6ncekine g\u00f6re daha iyi z\u0131pl\u0131yorsun.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Olumsuz yerine olumluyu vurgulay\u0131n. Her zaman \u00e7ocu\u011fa yapmamas\u0131 gerekeni de\u011fil, yapmas\u0131 gerekeni s\u00f6yleyin. Bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k biraz pratikle kazan\u0131labilir. \u201dG\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yapma\u201d yerine, \u201dBiraz daha al\u00e7ak sesle konu\u015f\u201d diyerek olumlu ifade kullanm\u0131\u015f olursunuz. B\u00f6ylece yaln\u0131zca olumsuz ele\u015ftiriyi azaltm\u0131\u015f olmazs\u0131n\u0131z, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ocu\u011funuz kabul edilir bir davran\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015f olur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z pozitif sayg\u0131: \u00c7ocu\u011funuzu sadece yapt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fil var oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sevdi\u011finizin ifadesini verin. S\u0131kl\u0131kla duymaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 mesaj: \u201d\u0130yi ki vars\u0131n. Seni oldu\u011fun gibi seviyorum\u201d dur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; Sevgilerimle\u2026<br>&nbsp; Uzm. Klinik Psikolog Leyla KILI\u00c7<\/p>",
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        "rendered": "<p>\u00c7ocuklarda \u00d6zg\u00fcven Geli\u015fimi \u00c7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumdan itibaren anne baba ile kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fki, daha sonra di\u011fer bireylere, nesnelere ve t\u00fcm ya\u015fama kar\u015f\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131n, benimsedi\u011fi tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. \u00d6zellikle okul \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki en etkili sosyalle\u015ftirme kurumunun da aile oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak anne babay\u0131 taklit ederek ya da model&#8230;<\/p>",
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